With an unaffected mother whose carrier, meaning the disease trait is recessive, only one of the offspring was affected and one is unaffected but a carrier.

The offsprings had a 50% chance of getting the affected trait. In this photo, the mother is affected with a dominant trait but only half of their offspring was able to be affected. The male offspring was unaffected because they had already received a Y chromosome from the father so they got the non affected X chromosome form the mother. Even though the father is affected with a dominant trait, only half of their offspring is affected, especially from the girls because they have to inherit a chromosome from the father. You can see that sex-linked genes are by chance. Males are more likely to inherit a sex-linked gene as only one chromosome of a diseased trait is needed, whether the disease trait is dominant or recessive. If the mother is a carrier (unaffected but still have the affected trait), her offspring could be affected. Dominance does not matter in sex-linked genes for XY males. For a male to have a sex-linked gene, only one copy of the recessive sex-linked gene is needed for the male to have the disease. For a female to have the disease, both of her X chromosomes must carry the recessive diseased copies of alleles. You can recall that recessive traits are only shown if they are homozygous (both copies of the alleles are recessive). In some genetic diseases that are caused by sex-linked genes, for example haemophila, a color blindness trait, the allele for the disease is recessive. If the offspring is a girl, one of the X chromosomes comes from the mother and the other X chromosome comes from the father. If the offspring is a boy, the X chromosome comes from the mother and the Y comes from the father. Remember that a biological female carries 2 sets of X chromosomes (XX) and a biological male carries one set of the X and one set of Y chromosomes (XY). Sex-linked genes are genes that are inhererited through the X chromosome. 1 Illustration to show the inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles for eye colour. If a person has 2 copies of the blue eye allele (both recessive) then the person would have blue eyes. This is considered being homozygous, having the same 2 copies of alleles. Recessive alleles only show the traits if the person has 2 copies of the same alleles. If a person has one copy of the brown eye allele (dominant) and one copy of the blue eye allele (recessive) then that person is considered to be a carrier of the blue eye allele, since they would have brown eyes but still have the blue eye trait that is not shown. Recessive alleles are the genes that do not show the trait. If a person carries two copies of the brown eye allele, since they are codominant, the person would have brown eyes. For example, if the dominant trait is red for flowers and another dominant trait is white, then the flower will have both red and white as the dominant traits are expressed equally. When you have two copies of the alleles that are both dominant, this is called codominance. You would need at least one copy of the brown eye allele (B) to have brown eyes. For example, the brown eye allele is dominant, B. If a person carries a heterozygous set of alleles (both uppercase and lower case letter of the gene) then the person will show the dominant trait (being that there is an uppercase letter present). With that being said, there are 2 sets of alleles that can be dominant or recessive. Remember that human cells carry 2 copies of each chromosome, one from the biological motherвЂ™s genes and one from the biological fatherвЂ™s genes. In order for a person to show the dominant trait, one of the personвЂ™s parents must have the dominant trait (which is an uppercase letter). Recessive alleles are seen as a lower case of a letter b. Alleles can be considered dominant or recessive, with dominant being the trait that is observed or shown and recessive being the trait is not seen.Дominant alleles are seen as an uppercase of a letter for example, B.

Different versions of a gene are called alleles. Have you ever wondered why some people have blue or brown eyes? The coloring of the blue and brown eyes is an example of different versions of a gene. Understand why dominance sometimes doesnвЂ™t matter for sex-linked genes Know what it means for a gene to be dominant

Recessive and dominant traits list